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Architecture of Turkey or Turkish Architecture in the Republican Period refers to the architecture practised in the territory of present-day Turkey since the foundation of the republic in 1923. In the first years of the republic, Turkish architecture was influenced by Seljuk and Ottoman architecture, in particular during the ''First National Architectural Movement'' (also called the ''Turkish Neoclassical'' architecture movement.) However, starting from the 1930s, architectural styles began to differ from traditional architecture, also as a result of an increasing number of foreign architects being invited to work in the country, mostly from Germany and Austria.〔 The Second World War was a period of isolation, during which the ''Second National Architectural Movement'' emerged. Similar to Fascist architecture, the movement aimed to create a modern but nationalistic architecture.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Michael Meeker. Review of Bozdogan, Sibel, Modernism and Nation Building: Turkish Architectural Culture in the Early Republic )〕 Starting from the 1950s, isolation from the rest of the world began to diminish, which enabled the Turkish architects to experiment with new styles and become increasingly inspired by their counterparts in the rest of the world. However, they were largely constrained by the lack of technological infrastructure or insufficient financial resources until the 1980s.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The 1950s and Modernism )〕 Thereafter, the liberalization of the economy and the shift towards export-led growth〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mapping Turkey, Short History of Architecture )〕 paved the way for the private sector to become the leading influence on architecture in Turkey. ==1920s to early 1930s: First national architectural movement== The ''First National Architectural Movement'' (Turkish: ''Birinci Ulusal Mimarlık Akımı'') was an architectural movement led by Turkish architects Vedat Tek (1873–1942) and Mimar Kemaleddin Bey (1870–1927). Followers of the movement wanted to create a new and "national" architecture, which was based on motifs from Seljuk and Ottoman architecture. The movement was also labelled ''Turkish Neoclassical'' architecture, or the ''National Architectural Renaissance''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Search for Identity: 1st National Architecture Movement )〕 Other prominent followers of this movement were Arif Hikmet Koyunoğlu (1888–1982) and Giulio Mongeri (1873–1953).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Architecture of the '30s in Turkey )〕 Notable buildings from this era are the Istanbul Main Post Office (1905–1909), Tayyare Apartments (1919–1922),〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Tayyare Apartment Building )〕 Istanbul 4th Vakıf Han (1911–1926), State Art and Sculpture Museum (1927–1930),〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ankara - State Museum of Painting and Sculpture )〕 Ethnography Museum of Ankara (1925–1928),〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ankara - Ethnographical Museum )〕 Bebek Mosque,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Bebek Mosque )〕 and Kamer Hatun Mosque.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mass Housing Development by a Government Agency and the Politics of Urbanization )〕 File:İstanbul Sirkeci Büyük Postane 1.JPG|Istanbul Main Post Office in Sirkeci, designed by Vedat Tek (1905–1909). File:Istanbul4thVakıfHan 1.jpg|Istanbul 4th Vakıf Han in Eminönü, designed by Mimar Kemaleddin Bey (1911–1926). File:Tayyare Apts 3.jpg|Tayyare Apartments in Laleli, Istanbul, designed by Mimar Kemaleddin Bey (1919–1922). File:Ziraat Bankası 5.JPG|First Ziraat Bank Headquarters in Ankara, designed by Giulio Mongeri (1925–1929). File:AnkaraDRHM.jpg|State Art and Sculpture Museum in Ankara, designed by Arif Hikmet Koyunoğlu (1927–1930). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Architecture of Turkey」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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